Forming Strategic Alliances Business Essay

Forming St valuegic confederacys Business EssayDuring the globalization, managers atomic number 18 confronted with a rapid changing warring landscape. In order to worst this difficulty, firms try to make onlyiances. Making strategic adherences is the relevant choice for managers to look for expressive styles for how to compete impellingly and create the successful future.Recently, collaboration mingled with companies became fashionable .Strategic chemical bonds is a accommodating agreements betwixt companies. It involves all kinds of companies such as large, medium and small. In strategic alliances, checkmate companies join forces for common goals without losing their strategic autonomy.Representation of an allianceGoals and interestsGoals and interestsspecific to Aspecific to B origination Dussauge and Bern (1999), Cooperative Strategy, ch.1, p. 3The Advantages of Strategic confederacysThere be some(prenominal) advantages of forming alliancesIt may facilitate entry into a foreign market galore(postnominal) firms who inadequacy to enter foreign market, they make local partner who leave understand business conditions and who has good relations with local government and organizations. For example, in 2004 Warner Brothers entered into a joint venture with two Chinese partners to produce and reel films in China. Through the confederacy with local firms, Warner Brothers succeeded to distribute any films it producesIt allows firms to address cost and risks for developing new yields or processFor example, an alliance between Boeing and Mitsubishi sh be 8billion U.S Dollar among the partners for create a new aircraft such as 7E7.It stimulates to develop skills and assets which atomic number 18 difficult to do al angiotensin-converting enzymeFor example, in 2003 Microsoft and Toshiba launch an alliance for developing a new microprocessor for entertainment for automobiles. Microsoft brought its software engineer skills and Toshiba its hardwa re engineering skills.It helps companies to depict technological standardsFor example, in 1999 Palm ready reckoner formed an alliance with Sony under which Sony agreed to license and recitation Palms operating(a) sy stand in Sony PDAs. The motivation was to pretend Palms operating system as the industry standard for PDAs against Windows-based operating system from Microsoft.The Disadvantages of Strategic AlliancesEstablishing alliances deal be risky. Unless a firm is careful, it can give away to a greater extent than it receives. It operator that, if the partner reckless of managing its know-how, it can be leaked to other partner.Main drivers of establishment of alliancesThe recent and rapid growth in the number of strategic alliances can be explained by various changes in the international business environment. globalization of trade and acceleration of technological progress seem to be major driving forces that have led firms to enter into significant numbers of cooperativ e agreements.Strategic Alliance drivers planetaryization expert changeDisenchantment with M A reference book Tayeb, M. H. (2001), International Business Partnership, ch.2, p.35.GlobalizationThe Globalization is the process which includes the objectives relating to the need to establish a large global presence, to gain knowledge and size, ensure competitive defence and deal with regulatory and political barriers to new market entry. wholeness of the main drivers of globalization is the fact that customer needs and preferences throughout the being are rapidly converging. This makes firms to produce so-called global products suited to all consumers, irrespective of their nationality.International alliances can offer an effective way to broaden more rapidly and therefore enhance a federations competitiveness. bit qualification international acquisitions is both costly and risky setting up a network of wholly foreign subsidiaries is bulky, expensive and hazardous licensing gives l ittle control. Global alliances can allow the partner companies to pussy resources produce global product and distribute it worldwide British Telecom, MCI and ATT for World Partners Alliance of Sambuca and Nemiroff Alliance of Philips and Whirlpool.Technical ChangeThe cost and complexity of new technology are increase extremely rapidly. Between 1970 and 1990, RD expenditures rose one-third whiles as fast(a) as spending on fixed assets (Collins and Doorley, 1991).With the increase in the variety and complexity of technology know-how, the range of possible innovations based on this expertise is growing wider. While the range of possibilities offered by new research has been increase tremendously, individual RD programs are growing ever more expensive and the throw a chance of achieving technically successful and commercially pro representable results have become more and more uncertain. This is why cooperation is viewed as un reverseable in many sophisticated industries by di viding up the RD work between the partner firms, it enables them to share costs, pool their expertise, and explore a greater number of avenues (Dussauge, Hart and Ramanantsoa, 1992). For exampleThe Peugeot/Renault JV, Alliance of PRV V6 EngineDisenchantment with MAThe disenchantment that has followed many blendrs and acquisitions seems to be one of the movements behind the recent development of strategic alliances. Alliances make it possible to avoid the culture and organizational shock coming in the wake of a merger by proceeding step by step, and by gradually adapting the content and structure of the agreement.Formation of Strategic AlliancesFormation process parentage Schaan, J (2007), Cases in Alliance Management, ch. 1, p. 7Strategy developmentThe rationale for a strategic alliance needs to be firmly in a clear strategic understanding of a companys current capabilities and those it go out need to be successful in the future. First of all, managers need to establish the str ategic goals of their companys and then mensurate their resources and capabilities to see if they are capable of punish on their own.The process starts by developing a rea identifyic estimate of what resources are required to meet a companys semipermanent strategic objectives. The objectives are for increasing competitive advantage. The manager must state that what capabilities the firm has and inquisitive for. With this undertaking, managers begin to establish their criteria for rating confederation opportunities if this is an option they choose.Before reservation the mind to go for the alliance, the potential costs involved need to be considered such as technology transfer, coordination and management costs, which is high indeed. (Tayeb, H. M 2001).Managers need to take into account of, if the firm has an experience on building alliance. If this is inaugural alliance, a company should look carefully at its internal policies and practices and evaluate to what degree they wil l help or hinder an alliance. For example, if a company has difficulties on managing its internal communication, then there will be sift on the alliance relationship. It is outstrip to modify internal practices as requirement before introducing a third party.The process of strategy development is as followingStrategy DevelopmentSource Schaan, J (2007), Cases in Alliance Management, ch. 1, p. 7Selecting the right partnerIt should come as no perplexity that choosing the right partner is a major determinant of how successful an alliance will ultimately be. Inexperienced companies should not hurry up to do a deal-choosing partner.Poor partner selection ranks high among the reasons for alliance failure. It ever takes longer than anticipated to find the right partner. Managers should spend time and resources to exhaustively analyze the potential opportunity. Depending on the scope and complexity of the alliance, it takes from several months to a couple of years to find the right par tner.Small companies looking for alliance partners are often tempted to look for shortcuts as they find themselves facing time and financial pressures. They may succumb to the temptation to partner with any company, whether or not it meets their strategic needs. This is the mistake that companies make, because a partner must fit a companys strategic needs.Small companies just or soly keen on forming partnership with large companies. The reputation and image of the large company can often cause the small firm to ignore its own strategic objectives. by and by the strategic objectives were subtendd, managers should decide how many partners to approach. The search process starts by formalizing partner profile screening criteria, developing a list of prospects, ranking the list against the criteria and then focusing on a manageable number of the best prospects.Complementary assets and capabilities is the totality characteristic of partners for evaluation the strategic fit. Having id entical strategic assets is not a good basis for a partnership because the hatchway of competitive combat can be high over the long term.It is necessary to evaluate partners according to their strategic, cultural and operational fit.Concerning to strategic fit, managers should take into the balance of need between the partners. If the needs of other partner are to get more profit, then this will not be long-term alliances.The nature and durability of the strategic fit is also a lively consideration. It is important that the long-term objectives of the partner are not in conflict and that the intended benefits can be sustained.During analyzing strategic fit, firms need to choose a partner who has a potential strategic network. In high-tech industries, most of the firms have cooperative network with each other.As it said above, building an alliance with large firms is risky. Companies should choose a partner who is almost the resembling size. Research indicates that choosing subst antial size of partner can decrease successful collaborative activity. It can lead Merger and Acquisition.Cultural fit is core of choosing partner. It can affect business logic, competitive behaviour, time orientation, and decision making. It instantly impacts the ability of partners to work together to meet their common objectives. Research of KPMG shows that, the reason of 70 % of strategic alliances failure is cultural contradiction among the partners.Culture of companies has laborious effect on organizations operational practices such as management and organizational structure, decision-making practices and employment policies. dialogueThe major part of long-term collaboration is naturalised at the dialogue stage. Negotiation should be as first and best as a means of building the linkages that will support effective collaboration between the partner companies.The negotiation process is perfect way for developing some unique insights into how the other party does business.In negotiation process, several areas require particular attention such as amass negotiation team, negotiation homeworks, the process of negotiation itself and forming a negotiation agreement.Negotiation can be stressful and managers need to be sure that his team members can have contribution. Besides, legal and tax professionals have a in truth important role to play in putting a partnership together, but during the negotiation it is best to avoid them to attend the process.Well preparedness can make the negotiation process easy and smooth. Advanced preparation should also help assess bargaining power, understand the concessions to be do and forecast issues that might arise.Good negotiations are characterized by honesty and an outspoken flow of information between the partners.The agreement should be well written and set out the purpose, term, duration, warranties, obligations.ImplementationMaking the right decision about strategy, partner and structure is only the beginning. Th e real work starts when companies implement their alliance. While the chosen structure and scope of an alliance will significantly mildew the kind of implementation required, the material covered in this section presents principles for creating attractive conditions that are applicable to all.The main problems of forming strategic alliancesThere are contrastive problems of forming strategic alliances.As it is obvious that strategic alliances in most cases are managed by two or more parents makes them inherently risky. The problems in forming alliances stem from one cause there is more than one parent. The owners of parent firms are powerful. They can and will disagree on just about zero (Killing, 1982). Such as Queensland Minerals alliance, owners of both parts parent companies were disagree. Amcon Corporation cherished to expand to Queensland, but the CEO of Victoria Heavy Industries did not want to. As a result Amcon renegotiated the alliance agreement.Organizational culture, a companys shipway of doing things, refers to basic assumptions and beliefs that are share by members of an organization. These operate unconsciously and define an organizations view and its environment.Organizational culture can cause problems where companies with distinctive cultures merge or form a strategic alliance. Employees from the parent firms tend to use their home-company culture. In this connection, Datta and Rasheed (1993) mentioned that, a lack of cultural sensitivity can substantially lead to misunderstandings in strategic alliances.Main Problems of Forming Strategic AlliancesUnsuccessful rate of alliances are high. The success of an alliance seems to be a function of three main factorsPartner selectionAlliance structureManaging alliances

Anticancer Efficacy of Curcumin Analysis

antineoplastic Efficacy of Curcumin AnalysisNuclear agentive intent-B (NF-B) is a transcription factor that is essential in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.1 It influences a different target of gene expressions that regulate apoptosis, facilitate jail cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.1,2 Before cell stimulation, NF-B dimers that are located in the cytoplasm are inactive.3 preceding to activating, NF-B dimers consisting of RelA, c-REL, and p50 are held in the cytoplasm by inhibitory B (IB) proteins.3,8 The IB kinase (IKK) complex is activated by various extracellular signals such as proinflammatory cytokines and viral infections.3,4 This IKK complex phosphorylates two keep serine residues and targets NF-B-bound IBs, which turn ups in ubiquitin-mediated dissociation of IB from NF-B, thus leading(p) to translocation of activated NF-B into the nucleus.2,7 The activation of NF-B promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and allows malignant cell s to flight of stairs apoptosis. Consequently, many chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to activate NF-B, thus bring to chemoresistance and chemotherapy failure.3 Increasing evidence suggests that, the inhibition of NF-B activation can precipitate chemoresistance and improve the ar partiveness of chemotherapeutic agents.3Among the compounds that have been field of study, curcumin was found to inhibit the activation of NF-B and thus, induce apoptosis in tumor cells.6 Unfortunately, its clinical applications mud limited due to its poor bioavailability and low potency6, these prompted researchers to chemically modify curcumin in order to increase its potency against NF-B and crabmeatous cells.8In this issue, Qui et al.8 reports keep in the synthesis and identification of vernal 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as a capability chemotherapeutic agent. Different kinds of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues were synthesized by coupling 1, 3-diketones curcumin analogues with various aromatic aldehydes in toluene with acetic acid, apply piperidine as a catalyst (figure 1).The chemotherapeutic activities of the synthesized compounds were tested on the growth of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells with curcumin apply as control. The authors report that majority of the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited potent anticancer activities against A549 growth with GI50 in the range of 0.23 0.93 M, small-arm very poor antiproliferation activities of curcumin was observed at 15.23 M. This shows a 10- to 60-fold increase in the potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues everyplace the parent compound, curcumin. Remarkably, the cytotoxic activities of these freshlyly designed curcumin analogues were non limited to A549 cells. The growth of other carcinoma cells H1944, squamous cells H157, and large carcinoma cells H460, were effectively contain by selected 4-acrylidene curcumin analogues, with GI50 values at micromolar constrictions low to 0.07 M. Likewise, in a rela ted study, Zambre et al.9 reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin analogue showed inhibitory activities against human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Taken together, these two forms of curcumin analogues offer new possibilities at both ends as potential anticancer agents.One of the linchpin curcumin targets that is important for the survival of cancer is IB kinase (IKK), which regulates NF-B activation.6 frantic NF-B is situated in the nucleus to promote transcription that is triggered by tumor-necrosis factor ( tumour necrosis factor).1,5 Thus, Qiu et al.8 used atomic translocation of NF-B in response to tumor necrosis factor as the main indicator to examine the mode of action of curcumin in comparison to 4-arylidene curcumin analogue. A549 cells were treated in a 384-well plate format with curcumin and its new analogue respectively, before the addition of TNF to trigger nuclear translocation of NF-B p65 subunit. As a result, curcumin conquer TNF- bring on nuclear translocation of NF-B with a mean IC50 of 9.5 M, which is consistent with the work of Kasinski et al.4 Interestingly, most of the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogue showed im prove inhibitory activities against NF-B translocation with mean IC50 values in the range of 1.0 4.9 . This finding proved the superiority of the newly designed curcumin analogue over curcumin in close up nuclear translocation of NF-B. Consequently, in a related paper, Zambre et al.9 developed novel curcumin analogues that were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation to convert enolic diketones of curcumin into non-enolizable ones. The synthesized compounds were examined for their potential in blocking TNF-induced NF-B activation. It was reported that copper(II) conjugates of Knoevenagel condensates of curcumin showed greater potentials in blocking TNF-induced NF-B activation than curcumin, confirming the potency superiority of curcumin analogues over the agnate curcumin.NF-B is princip ally activated by IKK in its well organized communicate pathways.2,7 As a result, Qiu et al.8 choose three potent newly synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues A, B and C to directly investigate their effect on IKK enzymatic activity, with curcumin used as control. Report was given that upon stimulation of A549 cells with TNF, TNF induced considerable IB phosphorylation followed by adulteration of the phosphorylated IB. However, quest the treatment of the cells with curcumin and its newly designed analogue, respectively, curcumin inhibited IB phosphorylation and degradation at high concentrations, while the selected potent newly synthesized curcumin analogues significantly inhibited IB phosphorylation and degradation at a lower concentration with IC50 values in micromolar range of 2.2 5.0 . Again, this showed that the 4-arylidene curcumin analogues exhibited greater inhibitory activities against IB than curcumin. In another study, Kasinski et al.4 proposed that the inhibitory activities of curcumin and its analogues may be a result of direct inhibition of IKK kinase. To examine this model, the authors performed a reconstituted IKK inhibition assay with recombinant IKK, report showed that the addition of curcumin in various tested concentrations had no significant effect in inhibiting IKK.4 However, in this issue8, the selected newly synthesized curcumin analogues induced a dose hooked inhibition of IKK. Thus, the structural modification of these curcumin analogues results to improved inhibitory activities over curcumin in the in vitro IKK kinase assay.Furthermore, they compared the anticancer efficacy of curcumin and its newly designed analogues. The authors reported that the synthesized 4-arylidene curcumin analogues inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cells at low concentrations in the micromolar range of less than 0.2 0.4 M.8 However, curcumin also inhibited colony formation of cancer cells at higher concentration (4 M). Again, this finding s howed the superiority in potency of 4-arylidene curcumin analogues over the parent compound as an anticancer agent. Thus, the chemical modification of the parental curcumin has led to identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting NF-B signaling pathway.REFERENCES1 Baud V, Karin M. (2009) Is NF-kB a good target for cancer therapy? Hopes and pitfalls. Nature reviews drug discovery. 8, 33-402 Bonizzi G, Karin M. (2004) The two NF-B activation pathways and their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Trends in immunology. 25(6), 280 2883 Karin M. (2006) Nuclear factor-kappaB in cancer development and progression. Nature. 441, 431 4364 Kasinski A, Du Y, Thomas S, Zhao J, Sun S, Khuri F, Wang C, Shoji M, Sun A, Snyder J, Liotta D, Fu H. (2008) crushing of IB kinase-nuclear factor-B signaling pathway by 3,5-bis(2-flurobenzylidene)piperidine-4-one (EF24), a novel monoketone analog of curcumin. Molecular Pharmacology. 74(3), 654-6615 Lee C, J eon Y, Kim S, Song Y. (2007) NF-kappaB as a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. Biofactors. 29 (1), 19 -356 Leu T, Maa M. (2002) The molecular mechanisms for the antitumorigenic effect of curcumin. Current medical chemistry. 2(3), 357 3707 Perkins N. (2007) integrate cell-signalling pathways with NF-B and IKK function. Nature reviews molecular cell biology. 8, 49 62.8 Qiu X, Du Y, Lou B, Zuo Y, Shao W, Huo Y, Huang J, Yu Y, grub B, Du J, Fu H, Bu X. (2010) Synthesis and identification of new 4-arylidene curcumin analogues as potential anticancer agents targeting nuclear factor-B signaling pathway. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 53, 8260 82739 Zambre A, Kulkarni V, Padhye S, Sandur S, Aggarwal B. (2006) Novel curcumin analogs targeting TNF-induced NF-kB activation and proliferation in human leukemic KBM-5 cells. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. 14, 7196 7204

Development Of Geography As An Academic Discipline

Development Of geographics As An donnish DisciplineIn this essay I will be facial expression at the development of geographics as an academician discipline, and then I will be discussing the role that opening has had in the development of geographics. I will look for past events and influences, to see how they have affected geography as an idiographic motif and switchd the surmount into a spatial science and effectively into a core academic discipline.The discipline of geography is among the most(prenominal) ancient of sciences. Geography can be traced back to Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived around 276-196 B.C and who is often called the father of geography. Alexander Von Humboldt was a German geographer from 1769-1859, commonly known as the father of modern geography. As hearty as Humboldt, Carl Ritter is as well considered as one of the founders of modern geography. Both Humboldt and Ritter share similar views. The naturalist Charles Darwin wrote a book cal led the Origin of the Species by direction of Natural Selection in 1859. It proved an inspiration to many geographers, who power saw in Darwins idea of natural selection the possibility of a customary scheme of man-land relationships so man needed to adopt modes of living which were amenable with the environment in which he lived (Graves, 1975)Geography branched come out of the closet as a young light and the thought process was now in place. Yet Darwin never claimed to be a geographer, with his main c erstntration universe botany. Humboldt and Carl Ritter then co-founded a geographical hostelry in Germany in 1874, speech together Humboldts principle of a systematic accession and Ritters regional approach which were light upon methods of geography at this season. Regional geography is the study of world regions. It looks at tonality characteristics and how one place is specific and unique compared to anformer(a).another(prenominal) German geography, Freidrich Ratzel wa s the offshoot person to consumption the term Lebensraum, which was used by Adolf Hitler. One of Ratzels students Ellen Semple studied under Ratzel and was heavily influenced by his ideas, publishing Influences of geographic Environment in 1911. Another one of Ratzels students, Ellsworth Huntington also applied Ratzels hypothesis of regional geography to the reasoning behind the rise and fall of civilisation. disrespect being one of the oldest disciplines, in todays society, geography struggles to define itself as an academic subject. Over the past few decades, geography has had to forge its way to stay as a fundamental scientific subject.In the early nineteenth century, many geography scholars believed that environment had a key role on the living marvels. The theory of Environmental Determinism the view that the physical environment sets limits on military man environment was being questioned due to claims of its lack in the keen relevance and faults in its descriptions o f certain locations. This led on to the theory of environmental possibilism. Possibilism states that the environment does have an effect on society, however it is not settled and humans can heavily influence the environment around them. By the 1950s environmental determinism was virtually history and environmental possibilism had now taken over as central theory.The first few steps forward-moving for geography were the opening of the first geographical institutions, such as the boldness of the first institution by Humboldt and Ritter in Germany in 1874, The National Geographic confederacy in 1888 and also the Royal geographic Society, founded in 1830 in Britain. The Royal Geographical Society is an institution to encourage the progression of geographical science. The Society also devoted much of its energy to breeding, and was responsible for some(prenominal) the incorporation of the study of geography in schools at the turn of the twentieth century, and for the first univers ity positions in the discipline. (Royal Geographical Society website.) The Society is the largest Geographical Society in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It supports and promotes geographical search, field training, education and direction. These associations were the grounding for geography to start to grow and develop as the funded key and essential research. They also promoted geography in schools and universities, leading to the first university lector appointed in 1888. In 1919, Geography was the found as a Bachelor of Arts degree, and Cambridge University appointed its first professor in 1933, which was a great step forward for geography being such an influential place of accomplishment. This appointment acted as a catalyst, and after this, many other universities started to follow suit.By the 1930s Britain had 44 University geography departments. However, at that place was a slump in the early 1940s when geography hit crisis point. Geography departments star ted to deteriorate as geography as an academic topic struggled to dead end as a basic University subject. geography as a subject is frequently misunderstood by the non-geographers (Graves, 1975) This meant that other discipline professors and educators questioned the importance of geography. During the eighteenth century, geography began to be taught in certain institutions of higher learning, though the capacity of what was being taught varied immensely in quality. (Graves, 1975) This was followed by Harvard University abolishing geography as a subject in 1948. Being such an important and operative place of learning, this eradication had an adverse impact on the way geography was viewed. It lost its place as a highly regarded subject, and was starting to be regarded as overly descriptive with no relevance to science, the Greeks named it as a description of the earth.It was at this point that questions were raised about the importance of geography and whether it answers the whys? and hows?. At this time, geography had no documented split between the human and physical side. Also, geography in academic institutions straddled the arts and the sciences. This made it hard-fought for geography to have a true factual definition. Society started to delight in whether it sat as a science or a globe subject. These questions and queries made it increasingly difficult for geography to have a keen platform on which to grow. Essentially, the subject needed to be defined, and this would entail more detailed research.With more advanced research, geography started to branch out with the variation of both physical and human geography into contemporary geographies. Henderson (1968) the adjectival geography agriculture geography, urban geography, social geography, settlement geography and so on. These numerous modern geographies started to gravel it easier to for geography to be defined. At move there were specialised areas that focused on one particular area of geogr aphy. twin to this trend towards specialization, there developed a tendency to use valued techniques of analysis. (Graves, 1975)The importance for technology to develop in society had increased massively by the end of World War II, which meant there was a suspension for geography to grow. This gap led to the quantitative revolution, which was one of the major go points of modern geography. This revolution began in the 1950s, and marked a swift transpose in the method behind geographical research make geography into a spatial science and shifting from an idiographic subject to an a posteriori law making one. It made laws that applied to large groups of people and individuals, and established broad generalisations.It was a turning point, and geography started to grasp attention once again. It brought to light new determinism models and mathematical equations to answer hypotheses that could be used in teaching, and helped to define geography, making it able to answer the more l ogical questions and suffice in more depth. Geography could again stand as a strong scientific discipline in schools and universities. The subject started gaining popularity again and Universities began to gain the value of geographic study and training this provided more classes and degree opportunities.The use of fieldwork started to be used in schools in the 1950s, as a key method of teaching. Fieldwork is an effective teaching method in geography is an synergetic fun way for people to learn and experience what they are learning at first hand. It is an important method of learning as fieldwork teaches things that cannot be taught or learned in class. However, disappointingly the focus on fieldwork started to wear out as it is not promoted in educational institutions because of factors such as time to cover comprehensive curricula, financial constraints, legal issues and commitment by educators. Factors such as these had the effect that the inclusion of fieldwork declined i n some schools however, with the help of livelihood fieldwork is still a very important and prominent part of teaching geography whenever possible.Geography is unique in that it is not artificial. It is not something that standard writers had composed for students to study. Geography is alive, and something that is relevant and we use in our daily lives. Fieldwork started to make a real impact in higher education in 1985. It gave people transferrable skills, including Project design, organisational skills, leadership skills, group skills and student participation.(Royal Geographical Society website) This is why fieldwork is vital, it helps pupils understand and picture the subject for them. Fieldwork also commit research and findings into practise. In undertaking field work, students are effectively carrying out innovative research over and above what could be achieved in a classroom.The president of the American Geographical Society, Jerome E. Dobson, president of the American G eographical Society argues that geographic tools allow for scientific advancement and therefore geography deserves a place among the fundamental sciences, but more importantly more of a role in education. most academics in the United States considered geography a marginal discipline (Jill Freund Thomas) In May 1993, Roger Down worked towards making research in geography education to be an integral part of work. In his own words, The need for research in geography education it would be nice to have some data. (Downs, 1994b57). In the UK, The Geography Education enquiry Collective is dedicated to the promotion of geography education through research and publication. (http//www.geography.org.uk/gtip/gereco/) 13 teachers come together every four years with the resolving of creating research in geography education. It is a UK based association and was first set up in 1893. The field of geography education is deplorably lacking in empirical data that might inform and plump for decisio ns about standard setting, curriculum design, materials development, teaching strategies, and assessment procedures. Large quantities of high-quality data are necessary if geography is to be successfully implemented in the education system We need a new attitude towards researchIn conclusion I believe that geography will wrap up to grow and develop with the discoveries of new modern geographies due to the enormous tally of scientific research that is now able to be undertaken. The development of new technologies has helped geography turn into an academic discipline as it supports research making research easier to carry out, and getting results which are far more precise.In the future technology will come up to advance and thus lapse to be included and promoted in school curriculums. the most important change which has occurred is the realization that any progress in arrangement phenomena studied by geographers involves the conscious use of scientific methods and the developmen t of a body of theory to explain such phenomena. (Graves, 1975) With advanced technologies, wider geographical research will also be capable and new discoveries will be made.The role of theory in the development of geography in education is very probatory as it is the basis of learning and has helped geography thrive over the last couple of centuries. For, if a theory is to be developed, then some understanding of the nature of theory and of the process of theory building was required. (Graves, 1975) Today geography continues to flourish and expand in education. Nowadays, increasing numbers of students chose to study this subject at university, so the trend is set for the popularity and importance of this discipline to continue to go from strength to strength in the future.

Case Study Procter Ang Gamble Merger With Gillette Marketing Essay

Case Study Procter Ang run a risk Merger With Gillette trade EssayIts being more than 100 years that Gillette Company manufactures consumer yields that make believe strong brand loyalty among the consumers near the world. Gillette sells produce mainly for man proponent a worry blades, razors and shaving preparations. Gillette also has a strong position universal in some of the female grooming products, such as copper products. Company is the worldwide leader in alkaline batteries and is also noted for its Oral-B in manual and power toothbrushes. The Company has employed nearly 30,000 mint globally and has 31 manufacturing plants in 14 countries.About Procter venture render It has its headquarter at Cincinnati.Employees No. of employees in the troupe are 110,000 in rough 80 countriesBrands Tide, Charmin, Folgers, Noxema, Pampers, Pringles and Pantene.Founded Procter Gm qualified was incorporated in 1837 at Cincinnati by William Procter, who was a examine maker and Jame s seek who was a soap maker. Both work force contributed $3,500 one thousand thousand to start the alliance as a startup fund. about four one thousand thousand times a day, PG brands touch the lives of people around the world. The company has one of the strongest portfolios of trusted, leadership brands and Quality which including Pampers, Tide, Ariel, Always, Whisper, Pantene, Bounty, Pringles, Charmin, Downy, Lenor, Crest, Actonel, Olay, Clairol Nice n light-colored and Head Shoulders(R). The PG community has almost 110,000 employees working in over 80 countries worldwide.Highlights of the case with important dates of MergerImportant Dates-January 28, 2005 Procter Gamble proclaimed their largest achievement in its history. They agreed to sully Gillette in $57 billion and this brood involved or combined some of the worlds largest and top most brands.January 27, 2005 Procter and Gamble agreed to issue 0.975 carry ons of its putting surface post in against each share of Gillette and this showed an18% premium to Gillette shareholders.In 1986 -Revlon had tried and attempted its beat out to takeover Gillette in 1986 but it was not victoryful to do so.In 1999- Procter and Gamble went with a proposal to Gillette but at that time Gillette refused the offer, then in November 2004, Gillette chief operating officer James M Kilts, started coalition talks with Procter and Gamble as he thought that it was the right time for such a move.Highlights of the Merger-The Merger was announced on January 28th 2005, Procter and Gamble decided to exchange 0.975 shares of its common stock for each share of Gillette. Thus, it leads to 18% of premium to Gillette shareholders. The amalgamation was approved by the shareholders of some(prenominal) the company. afterwardsward the conjugation Procter and Gamble immediately decided to buy bet on $18-22 billion of its common stock and this wholly process of buy back took 18 months to complete. later this process the make out was structured as 60% stock and 40% cash tummy, while it was purely a stock- swap on paper. When the compoundr happened everybody knew that Procter and Gamble combined with Gillette would become the worlds largest consumer product company with $60.7 billion annual gross gross revenue. At that time after the merger the new company decided to takeover Unilever which had total annual sales events of $48.25 billion at that time. Proctor and Gamble after the merger had brands of $21 billion with market place capitalization of $200 billion.Once the merger was make Procter and Gamble shareholders own approximately 71% of the combined company and Gillette shareholders owned 29% of the combined company. Both the companies expected that merger would bring commodious synergies. agree to the deal between the two companies Procter and Gamble would acquire whole Gillette bloodline which includes its technical, manufacturing and other facilities.Gillette and Proctor Gamble lo ok at almost identical history, culture and core strengths in branding, scale, inception and go to market capabilities, which do this merger a spotless one, people called this merger a perfect marriage because one innovative company acquired another innovative company to enlarge its product line and both companies faced low sales problem and both of them emerged as winners after app trickery same approaches. After acquiring Gillette as a whole Proctor and Gamble became the worlds second largest consumer products company with approximate sales of $61 billion. Procter and Gamble at the time of merger expected total gains and cost savings of $ 14 -$16 billion by lying off and eliminating 6000 peoples job.When Proctor and Gamble started running in profits it acquired brands which matched its strategy such as Germanys Wella AG hair tutorship line, it also acquired Clairol for its hair care lines and Iams Company known for its pet foods. After the merger PG had great earnings within few days as its net income jumped 12% from $1.8 billion to $2.04 billion. On January 27, trading in Procter and Gamble calls spiked to 8,172 contracts and Gillettes call spiked to 4,788 contacts. This means that both the company had add-on or more than five times the average daily volume. A single contract is equal to 100 shares.Hurdles after the merger-Procter and Gamble faced various challenges related to manufacturing facilities, workforce, work culture and integration of trading operations of the two companies which had functioned as an independent company for so long. According to the analysts lying off workers across countries is also a problem. Due to integration efforts train Procter and Gamble also had to overcome the risk of not being able to focus on its functioning.Main issues which do the merger importantAccording to the deal of Procter and Gamble and Gillette merger Procter and Gamble decided to exchange 0.975 shares of its common stock for each share of Gillette. P rocter and Gamble decided to buy back its common stock after the merger i.e. between $18-22 billion. This made the deal 60 % stock and 40% cash deal. Both the companies thought that the merger to will bring heavy synergies as both are the best companies and combination of these two companies will lead to strong brand portfolio. After the merger Gillette had got more opportunities to sell its products in various developing markets like China and East Europe.After the merger the combined entity layoff 6000 employees that are 4% of 140,000 combined work forces. This has to be done as both the companies had to mix in the headquarters and business operation units. The management is trying their best efforts to admit best employees from both the companies. Both the companies merger is an important and attractive deal as it has growth prospects, the gross and cost synergies are attractive and innovation pipelines are strong.Procter and Gamble decided about the potential regulatory or ant i- trust barriers of this deal that they will closely review the deal and result any issues regarding the product that are overlapping between the companies as they impart a good record of working with regulators in the competitive market place. Bankers involved in the deal were Merrill Lynch was representing Procter and Gamble and Goldman Sachs/UBS are representing Gillette. put up Merger ScenarioAfter the merger it was a great financial success for both the companies, especially for Procter and Gamble as growth in its revenue tripled, it was reported that the company would have more than $ 60 billion sales a year. Procter and Gambles unit volume had grown 27% and its net sales also grew by 27% and have reached to $18.34 billion. PGs net earnings have also increased by 29% and have reached to 2.55 billion. This merger has made Procter and Gamble the worlds number one household maker leaving poop Unilever in the second place. The combined companies have total 21 brands beneath i t and have the best global market position in product categories. After the merger the company will have more power to negotiate with advertising and media companies like television, newspapers, magazine and billboards.Gillette and Procter and Gamble are actively involved in pilots like testing and learning the technology, developing a scalable solution, drive development to deliver business benefits and validate the business case.Dealing with Wal-MartAfter the merger of Procter and Gamble and Gillette it had a great call for on Wal- Mart. As PG is one of the worlds largest consumer products company and after Gillette joined it its sale almost tripled and it gave the company a new competition with retailers like Wal- Mart. As it is said those retailers dont want its suppliers to be bigger than him and vice versa.Procter and Gamble merger with Gillette had put great pressure on various other consumer products firms like Nestle, Colgate- Palmolive, Unilever and Kimberly- Clark.Learni ngs from the case studyCase study of Procter and Gamble merger with Gillette helps us in learning followingPost merger scenario of both the companies after the merger.Procter and Gamble was interested in buying Gillette because it wanted to improve and run its product and target as many customers it basis.Both the companies agreed to merge because they knew it will be bring revenue, enlarge its product line and can become worlds largest consumer product company.It is a kind of friendly takeover that is with harmonize of take over company and with consent of majority of shareholders.Consideration for takeover is in the form of cash an stock both.Buy back of securities i.e. after the merger Procter and Gamble immediately decided to buy back $18-22 billion of its common stock.Merger effects on PG and Gillette competitors like Wal-Mart.Hurdle which both the companies faced after the merger.

Kretchmars Five Types Of Dualism

Kretchmars Five Types Of DualismThe classical emphasis emerged from one of the to the highest degree famous Greek philosophers dialogue, Platos Phaedo. Plato believed that the most significant things are non the substantive or physical entities but the eternal Forms. He everyplacely say that the bodies and physical matters are just imperfect replicas of such(prenominal) Forms. Aristotle, one of Platos students did not believe in the Platonic Forms. Aristotle argued that the form is far more important than the psyche and the soul (the mind) do not exist. His forms are the property of things and the things exist in those things. This made it easier for Aristotle to develop the dead organic structure and soul union by saying that the soul is nothing more than form of the body. Due to this reasoning, by Aristotle arguments the soul is nearlything material because it is a property of the body. Aristotle argument and theory take to m whatever interpreters, ancient and advanc ed(a), to interpret Aristotle theory as materialistic.The more modern version of dualism has their origin and is associated Rene Descartes Meditations. Descartes was known to be a substance dualist. He states that there are two types of substance, the matter which the essential property is spatially extended and the mind which is the essential property that do the thinking.In very(prenominal) recent history, Scott Kretchmar change integrity Descartes dualism into five kinds. These five kinds areSubstance cheer friendshipLanguageBehaviourSubstance DualismSubstance is at the philia of the dualistic thinking and practise. Dualists argue that the mind (soul) and the body are two radically different things.The body is seen just manage an early(a) object, it is like on the aforementioned(prenominal) level of a foot hunk, water and rocks. When we see the body from this perspective, the body can be utilize, manipulated, dissected and treated like any other object. Since the body is s een as an object, then the body is just a machine made of joints which move using the levers and force. Like any other physical object the body imitate and use the laws of natural philosophy.The substance dualists likewise ac familiarity thinking. Thought is not like the matter. Matter has shape, colour and obey laws. Thinking or the mind or the soul does not restrain colour, size, form or shape and do not observe physics laws. The mind obeys the logic rules and coherence.Substance dualism does acknowledge that the body and mind interact. These dualists also acknowledge that the body bear upon the mind and vice versa. While the connective between the mind and the body is very difficult to explain, but finished scientific experiments and personal experience the body and the mind do affect each other. hold dear DualismValue dualism grounded deep in substance dualism. Value dualists see the human as being the mind and the body.Plato placed the thoughts, apotheosis and ideas ove r the body, above the mediocrity and emotions. Plato continued his theoretical argument that the body at its best serve as a compliment to the mind and helping the mind to acquire more intellect and knowledge. At the same time, he verbalize that at worst the body will choke up the mind from gather more knowledge due to our carnal constitution and desire. If this happens, it will be the source of our animal instinct, emotion disturbance and perceptual errors and then peak result will be pain and death.Plato stated that our physical senses may perceive things in a wrong carriage and therefore our senses will transmit to the mind wrong messages and the knowledge transfer can be negatively influencing the mind.Value dualists pass judgment the mind over the body, with the body being the source of all evil. But this raise some questions, such as, does all the evil come from the body? Im keen thoughts, such as, excessive anger and greed does not disturb the acquisition of knowledge? Is this evil which originated and circulated in the mind without any help from the body? association DualismKnowledge dualism is divided into two categories, the discriminating and the knowing how. The knowing is pure knowledge, pure conceiveing of things. The knowledge of why some things work bump than others, why things occur in such a way and order. Knowledge of why we feel ameliorate after a good seance of training, why our cardiovascular system improves in functionality with regular training.The knowledge of knowing how is purely procedural. This kind of knowledge help people and athletes perform better skills. A great football player can kick the ball with so meticulousness that if he is ask how he did it he practise be able to explain what he did. The player will be at a level of knowledge of kicking the ball that for him it will be hard to explain the complexity of the angle of the foot, the power in the kick and the position of the supporting leg. This happens because it so natural for him to do that and cannot explain why and how.People with this kind of dualism do not really beneathstand what they are doing and this will compromise the evaluate of accomplishments.Behaviour DualismGilbert Ryle in his book The Concept of Mind describes behaviour dualism is a type of value dualism because it climaxes the requirement of the body as a machine and the mind as an operator.This kind of dualism suggests that all actions has a dual process. The process of thinking followed by the process of doing. These dualists beliefs are similar to the valuelists because they believe that since the body is still a machine it cant function on its own. Therefore since the body is only a machine, it must awaits for commands from the mind.The behavioural dualism point of view is that the mind and the body are in an unbalanced relationship where the body depends totally on the mind.Language DualismLanguage dualism is similar to the behaviour dualism and is considered a s a value type dualism. This kind of dualism focuses on symbolism focuses on an image or an action and such action or images stand for something else.According to Ernst Cassirer in his book Philosophy of Symbolic Form (1944), the achievement of using symbols is what makes us human beings. This is also considered as a trademark for human beings and this authentication distinguishes us from all the other lower life forms.This kind of dualism is divided into two major groups, intellectual and non-intellectual. The intellectual group consists of poems, prose and other musical composition and spoken form. This group also include any mathematical symbols apply in physics and other sciences. Since these are considered intellectual, these factors are at the flavour of most of IQ tests, SRT and other intelligence and schoolman testing. These are used because they are considered as they are thought to show the mind whole shebang at its best.The other group is the non-intellectual. Paint ings, music and sports are found under this category. Because these form part of the non-intellectual group, these are given a lesser academic rating and importance.

Opening Day :: essays research papers

The sun shines radiantly upon the towering arena at the corners of wampum and Trumball. Spring has arrived and erased the dreary, grey weather of winter. The old dilapidated stadium lead come to life in a couple of hours to mark the starting signal of an anticipated season. Brringg The bell signals the end of class and I anxiously hold in for my mother to arrive. I find myself impatiently glancing at the clock both two minutes finally the car cleaves up. I jump into the grit seat and piddle off my heavy dorsumpack. As my mom pulls away, the similar old raspy voice offer be heard everyplace the radio. I try to block out the blaring AM station, but the word opening solar day grabs my attention. The weatherman forecasts a sunny day with a cool breeze. A smile erupts on my face, which my mom cant help but notice through the reflection of the rearview mirror. I arrive home and hurriedly run up the footsteps. Stacks of baseball risque cards and other memorabilia blanket the floor beneath me. I throw off my grade school uniform and find my clothes nicely folded on top of the dresser. I slip on a reduplicate of jeans, but cant figure out which shirt to wear. I take a seat on my bed and slowly learn which Tigers T-shirt I should wear. Looking at them brings back memories of past visits to Tiger games. I begin to reminisce, however my daydreaming is passing(a) and terminated by the ringing chimes that signal the arrival of my other fifth-grade friends. I quickly grab any shirt and put on my broken-in baseball cap while running downstairs. My friends and I load the car and we pull away from my house. At last were on our way.We arrive at the stadium among a frenzy of other fans. As I step out of the car, my body shakes with a chilling flash of excitement. I come up down the goose bumps that graze my arms and nervously reach into my scoop shovel to find my ticket. Its still there, but a light sprout of sweat still covers my palms. Even though we are a hardly a(prenominal) blocks from the stadium, a buzz penetrates the air. Judging by the deafening cheers of the crowd, we know the game has already started. As I glance at the shaking stadium during each wild wave of applause, my steps increase ever so slightly in anticipation.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams Essay -- A Streetcar Na

A tramcar named Desire was written by Tennessee Williams, during the restless years following knowledge domain War II. The play was based on the vitality of a muliebrity named Blanche Dubois. Blanche was a fragile and neurotic woman, desperate for a place to knell her own. She had been exiled from her hometown Laurel, Mississippi after seducing a seventeen year old boy. later this incident, she decided to move to New Orleans with her sister Stella. She claimed she had to move, in emergence of a series of financial calamities which have recently claimed the family plantation, Belle Reve. Her sisters husband, Stanley Kowalski is very(prenominal) mirthful seeing that Blanche seems like an ambitious woman. Therefore, he decides to investigate her. He wanted to make sure Blanche didnt sell the plantation for her own good. As he begins to find out more than about her past, all of Blanches lies plosive consonant up to her. Soon, her circumstances become unbearable. Blanche Duboi s the main character of the play, was an English t all(prenominal)er in Mississippi. She presents herself as a very prim, proper, and prudent person. She once proudly told her sister Stella that her name in French meant white woods. Blanche Dubois is also also concerned with her appearance, accessories, bathing and age. She was very disturbed by the light, and usually favorite(a) to be in the dark. Many believe it was to prevent people from noticing her actually age. Deep inside she was hurt and destroyed. All of this pain was caused by the remnant of the love of her life. She was married to a young man named Allan, and they loved each other very much. Until one day Blanche found out that Allan was dormancy with another man. Once she confessed to him she knew his secret he committed suicide. Ever since, Blanches life was never the same again. Blanche Dubois always felt she was loved and admired by many. However, things changed after her husbands tragic death. Life was not easy f or her, as she became only(a) and slept with different men. Her loneliness led her into moving unexceptedly with her sister Stella. However, this only caused more troubles in her life. She was not very well liked by her fellow in law, Stanley Kowalski. Stanley was from Poland, and had very little education. He was also a very strong, good looking man. He was loyal to his friends, passionate to his wife, but highly cr... ...t people around Elysian Fields were living a severalise lifestyle from theirs. That their type is not the one theyre used to. Stella and Blanche were raise on a plantation with money, while Stanley and his friends were poor and uneducated. The conflict began when these dickens classes were pushed together in the same world. This is shown when Stanley and Blanche meet each other, and their opposite lifestyles ar obvious. Stanley is sweaty, dirty, and rude whereas Blanche is well dressed and soft spoken. In A streetcar named Desire, Tennessee Williams presen ted to us the character of Blanche Dubois. She was the haggard and fragile southern beauty whose blessedness was cruelly destroyed. She always avoided reality, and lived in her own imagination. As the play goes on, Blanches instability grows along with her misfortune. Her life ended in tragedy when she was put into a mental institution. Her brother in laws cruelty feature with her fragile personality, left Blanche mentally detached from reality. Stanley Kowalski showed no remorse for his atrocious actions, destroyed Blanches life and committed her to an insane asylum.

The Theme of Justice in King Lear Essay examples -- King Lear essays

The Theme of rightness in faggot Lear Many themes are evident in world power Lear, but perhaps one of the most prevalent relates to the theme of legal expert. Shakespeare has developed a tragedy that allows us to see mans decent into chaos. Although Lear is perceived as a man more sinned against than sinning (p.62), the treatment of the main characters encourages the referee to reflect on the presence or lack of justice in this world. The characters also vary in their inclination to view the world from each a fatalistic or moralistic point of view, depending on their beliefs close to the presence or absence of a higher power. The theme of justice in relation to higher powers crowd out be illustrated from the perspective of female monarch Lear, Gloucester, and Edgar. When reading King Lear, it is helpful to understand the Elizabethan Chain of organism in which nature is viewed as order. Rosenblatt (1984) states that there was a belief in an established hierarc hy within the universe. Everything had its own relative position arising with Heaven, the Divine Being, and the stars and planets which are all above. On earth the king is next, and then the nobles, on down to the peasantry. Holding the lowest position were the beggars and lunatics and finally, the animals. Interrupting this order is unnatural. King Lears sin was that he disrupted this chain of being by give up his throne. By allowing his daughters and their husbands to rule the kingdom, the natural order of things was disturbed. His notion that he can still be in control after dividing the kingdom is a delusion. According to Elizabethan philosophy, it wou... ...the universal conflict that members of society have perpetually had in understanding their fate in this world. Works Cited and Consulted Bradley, A.C. King Lear. 20Lh light speed Interpretations of King Lear. Ed. Jane Adelman. New Jersev Prentice-Hall, 1978. Colie, Rosalie. Some Faces of King Lear. Ed. R. Colie & F.T. Flahiff. UniversitV of Toronto Press, 1994. Curry, Walter. Shakespeare s Philosophical Patterns. capital of the United Kingdom Mass Peter Smith, 1968. Hunter, Robert G. Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies.. University of Georgia Press, 1996. Matthews, Richard. Edmunds redemption in King Lear. Shakespeare Quarterly. Winter, 19q5. pps. 25-29. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Canada Inc. Toronto. 1990. Snyder, Susan. King Lear and the Prodigal Son. Shakespeare Quarterly. declension 1966. pps. 361-369.

Gambling On The Internet Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

turn On The Internet Gaming berths be growing or so daily on the internet as more and more concourse are seeing the profitability of online romp. Sites range from bingo to proffessionals giving strategies to stove poker and blackjack and e very(prenominal) other casino game you can trust of. With the ever present lure of the big payout and the ease of wich anyone in the globe can access these online gambol sites the popularity of these sites has gone through the roof. But with the onrush of political sympathies regulation is the future of online swordplay a sure thing. Online gaming has been several(prenominal)what of a hot topic in the news lately. The government is trying to decide how to go about regulating it. Senator Jon Kyl (Rep. Arizona), who championed the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, got it overwhelmingly passed in the senate, in spite of a sketch by the Justice Department criticizing the bill for being inconsistent and to a fault broad.. One of the fi rst of these companies to be affected by this new justice was Bohemia, a New York based company. The New York attorney general seized alto pick outher of Bohemia assets and blocked a $750,000 wire transfer to an offshore account in Antigua. With government crackdowns like these and the outlawing of gaming sites in the United States, online gambling companies are running for the borders.. Feeling the heat in the United States online gaming companies had to relocate, with some going to Canada but many more finding a seaport in the Caribbean. Long a hoitbed for psychic hotlines, telephone sex lines, and sports libertine operations the Carribean islands and internet gaming were a perfect match. With Carribean governments posing no laws against online betting and the relatively cheap $i00,000 or so fe... ...and pages of online gambling sites to get to any sites that adress problem gambling. One site I did find was Gamblers Annonymous. The gamblers unnamed is a twelve step program similar to that of Alcoholics anonymous, the web site displays the twelve steps that need to be taken to help you give your gambling addiction. With the ease of access to gambling online there is a very good chance that a rise in problem gambling may occur in the future. I believe that the future of online gambling is secure. The government really wants to ban it but at this point I do not see the possibility of this happening. Internet gaming crosses overly many national borders for the united states government to put an end to it. pack are always going to find a way to do the things they want to do, the popularity of internet gaming makes it a sure thing in the years to come.

Inner Conflict in Gaines A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Lesson Before

Inner Conflict in Gaines A Lesson in the lead destruction They sentence you to death because you were at the wrong place at the wrong time, with no proof that you had anything at all to do with the shame other than being there when it happened. Yet six months later they complete and unlock your cage and tell you, We, us, white folks all, take in heady its time for you to die, because this is the convenient date and time (158). Ernest J. Gaines shows the internal conflicts charge out through the mind of Mr. Wiggins in his novel A Lesson Before Dying (1933). Mr. Wiggins is struggling through life and cant find his way until he is called upon against his own will to help an innocent man, Jefferson. The help is not that of freeing him at all. Jefferson will yield the death penalty no matter what. It is that of making him a man. When Jeffersons defender tried to get him off the death penalty he called Jefferson a stupid hog, not even a boy. Mr. Wiggins wants to leave the town and everyone in it except for Vivian, his girlfriend, behind, hardly he cant or wont. Everything is hanging in the balance of what happens to Jefferson. Mr. Wiggins is characterized through a series of changes with the help of one man, Jefferson, passim A Lesson Before Dying mainly shown in spoken recites. Mr. Wiggins strong-minded attitude is shown very early when he says, Suppose I was allowed to scrutinise him, and suppose I reached him and made him realize that he was as some(prenominal) a man as any other man thus what? Hes still going to die. . . So what will I have accomplished? What will I have done? why not let the hog die without knowing anything? (31). The way he uses hog is important in knowing that he doesnt wear out a lick what happens to this kid. He was talki... ...I saw the transformation, Grant Wiggins. . . He never could have done that. I saw the transformation. Im a witness to that (254). Paul did see the transformation of Jefferson right forwards he w as executed by the electric chair. Jefferson was the only one in the room not scared and he took it like a man. Mr. Wiggins is changed in this novel through many internal conflicts that he never could have accomplished without one brave man, Jefferson. The voice he uses is not obvious, only when it is there. Mr. Wiggins finally learns that anyone could leave his small town behind they just necessity a little help along the way. One final quote sums up all the pains and triumphs Grant has with Jefferson, Yes, I told myself. It is finally all over (252). Works CitedGaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York Vintage Books Division of random House, Inc., 1994.

Prayer - The Most Important Part of our Life Essay -- Prayer Praying

We compulsion to look at prayer with deeper thoughts. orison isnt just closing your eyes, folding your hands and speaking. Prayer is a much more meaningful part of religion. We all need to pray, beau ideal himself demands us to pray. Prayer is defined as an act of god, a beau ideal or another object of worship, such as in devotion, confession, praise, or thanksgiving. When most people pray, they just say the same prayer, like the skippers prayer for example. Saying the same prayer isnt rattling such a bad thing, its more about the meaning and the epoch that you spend praying. Prayer shouldnt just be looked at as a routine or habit, merely as more of a love poem to express ones self to God. Questions such as wherefore do we need to pray? What is this prayer?, and What does God command us to pray for? Are what we should be asking ourselves before we come to God in prayer.Prayer is a very important action in all of us as Christians. We should know wherefore we pray and why i t is important. We should also know that prayer cant just come from our mouths but from our hearts as well. Our affections cling to self and to worldly objectives our prayer cannot nurture above their level no matter what words we use. In Luke 111 it says Lord, teach us to pray, as John also taught his disciples. we should be taught to pray either from the church or from the people around us. Taught in a sense of listening, not actually taking lessons on it. We need to pray because prayer is the most important part of the thank...

The Purpose and Power of Language Essay -- Research Essays Term Papers

The Purpose and Power of styleIf you are fluent in a actors line, you probably dont give lots thought to your ability to interact with others, to understand and be understood in your world. But what would happen if you lost your voice? Or if suddenly the language skills you have, that is your ability to read, write, and speak, were no longer sufficient to allow you to understand telly and newspapers or to tell a waitress what you wanted to eat or a doctor what was wrong with you? What if your language actually caused others to discriminate against you? I suspect your perception of the importance of language would undergo a marked change.Recently, I had an experience with language deprivation when I had laryngitis. The three years I was without my voice were frustrating, interminable, and evidence of the power and single-valued function of language. Early in her essay, Mother Tongue, Amy Tan discusses this power of language. She writes, it can evoke an emotion, a optic image, a complex idea, or a simple truth (26). though at times, I could whisper, people had difficulty hearing and understanding me, and I couldnt write my thoughts down quickly enough to meaningfully converse with others. In short, my lack of voice impaired my ability to express myself and to communicate and thusly participate in my world. Moreover, language, the combination of specific words in a particular order, not only empowers individuals to participate as members of a designated community, it is overly a fundamental key in enabling individuals to establish and specialise the dimensions of their identity.Language is the impetus that empowers individuals to forge ties that bind into a community, thus bountiful them personal, social, or cultural identificat... ...Language is many things the arrangement of words in a particular order, uttered in a sealed way, denoting certain meaning, a political instrument which evokes images and emotion. Certainly, all of this is a description o f the purpose and function of language. But at its most fundamental, language is quite only when the expression of self and the ability to share that expression with others. Baldwin and Tan twain highlight the importance of language to be without language is to be voiceless, and to be voiceless is to silence the song of the self.Works CitedBaldwin, James. If Black English Isnt a Language, Then Tell Me, What is?Across Cultures. Eds. Sheena Gillespie and Robert Singleton. capital of Massachusetts Allyn and Bacon,1999. 128-131.Tan, Amy. Mother Tongue. Across Cultures. Eds. Sheena Gillespie and Robert Singleton.Boston Allyn and Bacon, 1999. 26-31.

The Attitudes of the Poets in Warning and Old man Essay -- Jenny Josep

The Attitudes of the Poets in sample and Old manBoth poems represent a picture of experient fester. jenny ass Josephs view of whatshe imagines life result be like, and her expectations, where-as U AFanthorpes observation of middle-aged age, is of her father, and is writtenfrom her own experience.Jenny Joseph sees old age as a positive experience. She seems tobelieve she will be withdraw from responsibility.I shall go out in my slippers in the rain.She suggests these are the things she would hump to do now, but ifshe were to actually do these now, people would disapprove of heractions. She assumes that when she gets old, others will acceptchildish actions.Jenny Joseph does not see herself unable to do anything that she cando at the moment. Her picture of old age is cardinal of existence active.Sit down on the pavement when Im tired.She sees this as being a childish act, as she would not considersitting on the pavement now. She does not specify about the restrictionsthat ol d age bring.In Old man, old man Fanthorpe presents a picture of her fathers oldage. He is unable to do many things he once could do.Now his pass on shamble among clues===================================Fanthorpes father could once do these things for himself but now heneeds the help off the other people. Fanthorpe raises issues that arenegative towards old age, and how old people are like children, theway they become pendant on others.Most of the behaviour described in both poems is childish. JennyJoseph seems to see age as a second childhood.Pick the flowers in other peoples gardensShe sees this an act that children can get away with, she also seesthis as a step into a new freedom, where as Fanthorpe... ...cking her father, at his expense, soul suggestinganother to be the lord of something is of high status, and so it isfunny as it is only when a shed.There is also a sense of sadness to the poem, as she recounts of herfather not being good with her when she was young.Not good with daughtersI believe that the motive for this is because of his interests inD.I.Y rather than the more necessary and prerequisite things in life.Fanthorpes father has seemed to lose all-important aspects of hischaracter, even the aspects that were dislikeable about hispersonality. He has begun to be dependent on other people, and isunaware of what is happening.I think both poems represent humour and compassion. Jenny Josephrepresents the bright and optimistic observations of old age,where-as Fanthorpe raises depressing and discouraging visions of oldage.

Designing a Leaflet :: Leaflets Consumerism Essays

Designing a pamphletTasks1. Design Leaflet2. Produce set System3. Create a website4. Create a Labelling SystemTask 1 AnalysisDesign a brochure containing the information of the content of theshops selling items, prices, opening and pass completion hours.Form of Output Hand made leaflet on an A4 surface rogue, which leave be photo copied many times and be stick on off to companies, businesses, and near by houses. The leaflet provide contain pictures of sandwiches and mixed drinksInformation to be output On the first page I will bring forth the Lancre lunch box logo. Opening hours occlusion hours reveal name Location Map with Location clearly designate Pricing Vouchers giving a real amount of cash off certain sandwiches, printed in each leaflet Terms and conditions top using the vouchers. (In half-size print on the last page, not to waste space for new(prenominal) deals and advertisements. Information on different types of sandwiches, providing a different vegeta rian alternative batting order for vegetarian customers. Information on a large selection of meat sandwiches for the legal age of customers who are meat eaters.Data for output On the first page I will have the Lancre lunch box logo. Opening hours Closing hours Shop name Location Map with Location clearly labelledDesired outcomes1. Text mustiness stand out2. Details must stand out3. Must be colourful4. Must be easy to read5. Information must be justified and carriage neatTask 1 Design LeafletI have intentional 2 leaflets on paper. Shortly after I designed thefirst one, I surveyed the issues and problems that arose. I solved theproblems and applied the changes to the second leaflet.I will be using Microsoft publisher to design the leaflet. Thisprogram will provide a solution because It has a colour feature, which I will take full advantage of, to attract potential customers. It has the ability to acquaint me my 3-page leaflet via a visual display unit (VDU). It is very user friendly in the way that it can easily interpret my craved outcomes. E.g. the leaflet feature used to reach a leaflet. Will put up me a good visualisation of the outcome It is specially designed to give rise this type of outcome (A leaflet) I can import colour in writing(predicate) filesWhy I have chosen the colours and effects that I have chosen for theleafletFront page I will have an Ivy border due to the fact that it will create goodcontrast against the Lancre lunch box logo It will also look very

Brain Drain Essay -- essays papers

Brain Drain ace of the major concerns of todays companies is the shortage of force back, curiously in forethought. The baby boomers ar nearing privacy age in the joined States and the birth rate is dropping. These circumstances, coupled with the well-to-do economy are the main causes of the labor shortage. There is a high school demand for labor but the once seemingly bottomless pussycat of employees and managers that companies drew from has started to dry up. What are the factors that contributed to the problem and how are todays corporations going to cut through this problem? The type of labor needed in todays society has been undergoing a constant change. There is an growth in demand for workers but in that location is a much greater demand for educated white-collar workers, especially management material. Projections state that the growth in managerial positions exit gain 20% by the year 2010 yet the cosmos aged 35-50 pass on decrease nearly 10%. What these figures say is the already diminishing return of executives is going to dwindle even more over the next 10 years. There is a shortage of blue-collar workers now and there will also be an even greater shortage of them in the future. In order for employers to find people who are willing to perform unskilled, clamant jobs they are going to have to be willing to raise the show of compensation offered to employees. If McDonalds unavoidably roughlyone to flip hamburgers they better be active to pay double to triple minimum wage. There are a wide variety of employment opportunities and todays workforce can afford to be selective when choosing a job. The demand for employees is high while the supply is low. The figures on the change in average universe of discourse ages and growth in alter nations is beginning to make the corporate world stand up and take notice. If the trends continue as they have been for the past xxx years, the shortage of labor is going to continu ally get worse with each year that passes. The predictions from the United States Census Bureau state that between 1990 and 2000 the increase of the American population over 60 will be 10.5% but in 2010 to 2020, the increase will be 32.5%. The change in the 60 plus population in the United States is projected to nearly triple in thirty years. Compare these figures to the increase in under sixty-year-old population. From 1990 to 2000, t... ... the economic obstacles caused by an develop workforce. The companies of today are aware of the constantly growing problem and are working towards a solution. I think that they are moving in the right direction. Offering flexibility in what was once a very rigid structured hierarchy is certainly a step in the right direction. People in todays world lead very assorted lives than they did 4o years ago. A rewarding profession is not exclusively delineate by the income generated anymore, rewarding can also mean personally rewarding. A good employee doesnt necessarily work 40 hours each and every week, some work part time or are involved in a job-sharing program. In order to keep the workforce meeting the needs of the economy, the employer must continue to become more flexible and remain overt to suggestions. Todays companies are on the right track. I believe that with proper management and forward thinking, we will be able to cope with the ever-increasing shortage of labor.Bibliography stub for Strategic and International StudiesNewsweek magazineBusiness Week magazineThe economic expert magazineSt Petersburg Times NewspaperThe United States Census Bureau

The Importance of the Dance in A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House E

The Importance of the Dance in A Dolls House Dancing is a beautiful form of expression that reveals a good deal most a person in a matter of minutes. Characters that bound in plays and novels usually flash some sort of underlying meaning pertaining to their story, calendered light on themselves, other characters, and the movement of the action. In Ibsens A Dolls House, Noras procedure of the tarantella summarizes the plot of the entire play. Take, for example, Torvalds attitude towards Noras offbeat movements. Torvald plays the piano for Nora initially, however becomes so frustrated with Noras dancing that he abandons his tune and attempts to re-teach Nora the tarantella. This simple foe reflects the main action Torvald is the one who provides Nora with music and who had previously taught Nora how to dance, just standardised he is the one who gives her a home and has sculpted her into his ideal wife. Nora cannot dance rhythmically to Torvalds song because both her lies and Torvalds strong belief in app...

Poetry appreciation of Death of a naturalist Essay -- English Literatu

Poetry appreciation of Death of a naturalistThis poem Death of a natural scientist by Seamus Heaney is about thelifecycle of frogs and a squirts interest in genius. As the chelagrows up he looses interest in all aspects of nature. It is as ifDeath of a Naturalist was referring to the loss of innocence of thechild and the love of nature he once had died inside him. Not onlythat, he now has respect for nature but not necessarily disliking itnor loving it either.The atmosphere of the first stanza is quite an positive. A phrase much(prenominal) asThere were dragon-flies, spotted butterflies, suggests a happy moodand refers to pleasant memories to Heaney as a child. Diction such asthe warm thick slobber indicates to me the child-likeness theme ofthis poem. Which proves that it is from an adults perspective lookingback at his childhood. Heaney has done this by employ the child-likevocabulary as well as a more(prenominal)(prenominal) composite and mature tone to the poem. Hehas don e this so that we as the reviewer can recognise the difference ofthe fascination of a child and a simpler explanation of things from anadult. For example as the first stanza draws to a close we gip thatby frogs we can tell the weather For they were yellow in the sun andbrown/in rain. This is the typical child learning something new inschool, and then assuming they know it all. From that I get the imageof the child telling its mother mum did you know Where as an adultwould overleap it as merely a fact.By the warrant stanza the poem takes a rather dark turn. All thepositivity in the first stanza has been replaced with a sinister andmorbid tone. The beginning of the stanza Then one hot dayfieldswere rank suggests the dramatic change in ... ...tschanged and I completed that the poem was not all about frogs. It was acase of reading material between the lines. Heaneys overall message fascinatedme and urged me to delve more into the subject of loss of innocence.Which set me on a c all for of thought. One thing in particular that madethe poem more enjoyable for myself was Heaneys flair for style. Theway in which he concentrates on the onomatopoeia in the poem is veryeffective. As I had not antecedently read any other of Heaneys poemsthis immediately drew my attention. other thing I liked was theimages he created in my mind. One of those images were (in the secondstanza) a battlefield where the child is on one side and the frogs are his opposition and the frogs are invading the land-similar to awar scenario. Therefore I would highly recommend this poet simply forHeaneys unique style of writing.

Comparing Fahrenheit 451 and Brave New World :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 and insolent New World   Ray Bradburys  book, Fahrenheit 451, is a futuristic look at a man and his agency in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of purport in America today, in addition to various occupations and technological advances, to image what life could be desire if the future takes a drastic flip over for the worse. He turns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role of public servants and changes the value of a person. Aldous Huxley in any case uses the concept, of society out of control, in his science fiction novel Brave New World, WHICH deals with man in a changed society. Huxley asks his readers to look at the role of science and literature in the future world, scared that it may be rendered useless and discarded.   Unlike Bradbury, Huxley includes in his book a group of population unaffected by the changes in society, a group that still has apparitional beliefs and marriage, things no lon ger part of the changed society, to compare and contrast todays culture with his proposed futuristic culture.(THIS IS A RUN-ON WHICH NEEDS FIXING)    But one reputation that both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 HAVE IN COMMON is of individual discovery BY refusing to accept a peaceful approach to life and refusing to conform. In addition, the refusal of various methods of escape from reality is sh cause AS a path to discovery.   In Brave New World the main characters Bernard Marx and the Savage boy John come to realize the faults WITHIN their own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag begins to discover  things could be better in his society, but DUE to some uncontrollable events his discovery happens much fast than it would have. He is forced out on his own, away from society, to live with others like himself who think differently that the society does.   Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the lack of storey that his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of books, banned because they were sometime(a) and did not encourage the new culture. By visiting a reservation, kinfolk of an uncivilized culture of savages, he is able to see first reach out something of what life and society use to be like. Afterwards he returns and attempts to consist some of what he saw into his work as an advertising agent.

Complexity and Ambiguity of Haircut :: Haircut

complexity and Ambiguity of Haircut Many critical commentators have pointed out that Ring Lardners exceed build was done in the field of satiric clowning. Sometimes his work was more(prenominal) satirical than comic, and sometimes vice versa. His short taradiddle, Haircut, is definitely an power of the former, because within the satire of Haircut are some undoubtedly repulsive and tragic elements. The story concerns the events in a small unnamed Michigan township as told by a barber while he is excision a clients hair. He tells of the death of Jim Kendall, a practical joker whose comedy and other actions leave virtue much desired, and who is killed by a purportedly accidental shooting during a hunt. The only clear theme of the story involves the satirizing of smug small town values, portrayed through Whiteys narration. In this idea I will show how the character of the barber illustrates these deficient values, and how these format the stage for a traditional interpretation of Haircut -- one where Jim is deserving of his fate. Finally, I will contrast this interpretation with other critical interpretations, which argue that Lardners take is not so clear, but obfuscated by ambiguity. The Small Town neaten and Traditional Interpretation From the outset of the story we observe the uneducated and stupefied qualities of the barber, whose name we learn is Whitey. His muddled language, full of diction and syntax errors, at once make the reader skeptical of his reliability. In the opening sentences, for example, Whitey says You dope see for yourself that this aint no New York City and besides that, the most of the boys whole kit and caboodle all day and dont have no leisure to drop in here and get themselves all prettied up. The conversational language of the small town, alter with slang and bad pronunciation, riddles the entire narration. Whitey says, I bet they was more laughin done here than any town its size in America, and hed be settin in this chair part of the time, and shed divorced him only they wasnt no jeopardy to get alimony and she didnt have no way to take wish well of herself and the kids. This suspicion of Whiteys trustworthiness and character is further characterized by his interpretations of events.

Mike Nichols Film, Wit Essay -- Film Movies

Mike Nichols Film, noticeIn the pullulate Wit, directed by Mike Nichols, Emma Thompson (Vivian Bearing) is portrayed as a woman professor who had dedicated her life to teaching and analyze John Donne and his sonnets. She was about 48 years old and was diagnosed with stage IV ovarian cancer. This film showed us some of the hard decisions that Vivian had to make such as when she agrees to the radical and painful chemotherapy. The film showed us the changes she went through equivalent in her body and mind (hair, weakness, weight, color etc.).Wit was a uncorrectable and heartbreaking film to watch. By the end of the fist scene I knew where the film was headed just by technique and tone. How many films have you seen with a woman diagnosed with cancer, have a happy ending? Most of the consummation takes place in Vivians bed. There are a propagate of close-ups on Vivian. The camera was all in her face even small-arm throwing up. This film reminds me of one of my favorite movies Fe rris Beulers Day Off. How, at multiplication it was as if he was speaking right to the camera and the viewers. In the film V...

Wuthering Heights: Summary :: essays research papers

Wuthering high SummaryEmily Bronte was born in Thorton, Yorkshire, in 1918. Wuthering Heights wasBrontes only book however, she died in 1848 and never knew of the bookssuccess. It is said by some(prenominal) to be the finest novel in the English langu eld.Just before she dies, Catherine Earnshaw gives tolerate to a beautiful baby girlnamed Cathy. After Catherine married Edgar, heathcliff becomes wishful andmarries Edgars sister, Isabella. Isabella then gives birth to Heathcliffs boyLinton. Wuthering Heights, by Wmily Bronte, is a novel honorable of contrast betweenCatherine and Cathy and Heathcliff and Linton. speckle Cathy is growing up, the reader begins t draw the contrast between cathyand her mother. Catherine is a typical Earnshaw, having dark hair, and dark eyes.While her daughters characteristics are the exact opposite. Cathy has blondehair, fair skin, and irrestibly brilliant eyes.Catherine and Cathy is emotional aspects likewise contrast a great deal. YoungCathys e motions are calm, while her mothers rage, and are as unpredictable asa storm. Catherines emotions are so ablaze that she is unable to controlthem. To the point of causing her own death. Before she dies, she says thatshe wants some(prenominal) Heathcliff and Edgar to suffer-Edgar, because he never understoodheraffection for Heathcliff and Heathcliff, because he never understood whyshe married Edgar. Cathy has a mind of her own and some of Catherineswillfullness. She is also undetermined of great sympathy towards Linton, whom shemarries and finally Hareton Earnshaw.Heathcliff is a strange mix-ture of the refined and incouth slovently, in timedresses and acts like a g gentleman. While being dark with the appearance of a gypsy,he is quite handsome. His son, linton resembles his mother, Isabella, as he isblonde, pretty, feeble, adn effeminate. It is ironic thtat Heathcliffs sonshould be so weak and sickly that he dies at the age of seventeen.Although Heathcliff is his father, Linton displays none of Heathcliffscharacteristics. Heathcliff is a character full of brutality. Heathcliff showsthis brutality on some(prenominal) occasions.

Deviant Behavior Essay -- Sociology Sociological Psychology Essays

Deviant Behavior Deviant behavior refers to behavior that does not conform to norms, does not meet the expectations of a group of a guild as a whole. After birth, children begin to experience situations with others. They are taught what he or she should and should not do, what is good or bad and what is right wing or wrong. eruditeness habits that conform to the customs and traditions of the groups into which the child is born develops a system of values. These values provide justification and motivation or for wanting to refrain from behavior that is disapproved.After reading this, one can think how a behavior is considered deviant, but the question is, Why is a certain(p) grapheme of behavior considered deviant? This newspaper publisher allow for take a particular deviant behavior, which is illicit dose delectation, and examine why this type of behavior is labeled as deviant. By using theoretical approaches, this paper will provide the reader an explanation of why illic it do do drugss character occurs in the first place. Throughout history, all human societies scram used drugs, but it hasnt been until recently considered deviant behavior. Drug use was seen completely as a personal problem, but todays societies, in general, condemns drug use. There are many reasons for this perception of drug use in our society today. Its stated that since a favorable process creates standards for deviance, consumption of a particular drug becomes deviant only when individuals and groups define it a such (Clinard and Meier, 2001). This is seen in new laws and legislation against drug use, making drug use, seen by society, as wrong and criminal. This causes public panorama to look at drug use as deviant because the norms of society overhear been changed. These new laws were passed by legislation because of the common myth that drug use is the cause of bigger problems of society. Society is given the belief that drug users posses certain characteristics whic h include low self-esteem, social incompetence, inadequate identity, easily influenced by peers, and irresponsible or mindless (Moore and Saunders, 1999). This tells society that only troubled population use drugs. This common belief holds that people using drugs necessarily have personal problems and lack social skills, which then in turn, threatens personal health and morality to societies well being. Also, medically, reference to elicit drug use is considered drug abuse. T... ...s of drug use as very negative because mostly of the white-tie sanctions powered by the legislature. The media portrays the stereotypes of the type of people who use drugs and this only helps fire societies approach in dealing with illicit drug use. Society in general needs to refrain from looking at drug use as negative, but look at it as a norm for human beings. Until drug use is seen as a norm, the media and politician will still see that all drug use is a problem, and considered it deviant. field of battle that would help this issue would be if drug use has any confirmative benefits that people who abstain from drugs do not receive.Works Cited1. Akens, Ronald. 1998. Social Learning and Social Structure A General Theory of Crime and Deviance. capital of Massachusetts Northeastern University Press.2. Becker, Howard. 1963. Outsiders Studies in Sociology of Deviance. New York The Free Press.3. Clinad, Marshall and Meier. 2001. Sociology of Deviant Behavior. Orlanda Harcourt College Publishers.4. Goode, Jack. 1994. A Theory about Control. Boulder Westview Press.5. Moore, David and saunders, Bill. 2001. Youth Drug Use and the prevention of Problems. Journal of Drug Issues 13219-235.

Sophies Heart/By Lori Wick :: essays research papers

Sophies Heart, by Lori Wick, is the story of Sophie, an educated progeny charwoman who moves from her homeland, Czechoslovakia, to America where she constitutes a housekeeper for a loneyly young widower and his three children. This phonograph record takes place mainly in Wisconsin in the 1990s. Sophie move from Czechoslovakia to American and became industrious as a housekeeper for Alec Riley. She grew to love his three children and gradually her love all-inclusive to Alec himself, who returned her love with his own. Near the end of this novel, Sophie and Alec get married. Sophie Velikonja, a twenty-year old young woman, moved to America when her name was called on the request list to entrust Czechoslovakia. She had not wanted to leaver her beloved grandmother, but her grandmother insisted upon staying behind. Sophie moved to Chicago where she acquired a job as a waitress in a city restaurannt. A devout Christian, Sophie began attending church as soon as she could and met a fr iendly woman named Janet Ring. Janets brother, Alec Riley had recently become a widower when his young wife, Venessa, died in a tragic simple machine accident. She suggested to him that he employ a housekeeper. After having met Sophie, Janet recommended the quiet, hard-working young woman to Alec. Alec, after some hesitation and tought, interviewed Sophie and hired her. Sophie lived in a small flatbed over Rileys garage and cooked and cleaned for Alec and his three children, Rita (age 17), Craig (age 13), and Tory ( age10). Sophie and the children ended up becoming precise close. At first, the children purported down on her with her accent, but when they eventurally learned that Sophie had mastered tail fin other languages and had worked as a translator in her native land, they changed their opinion. feeling was not without hardship for Sophie. She desperately missed her beloved grandmother and she likewise faced problems with Vanessas mother, who seemed to resent the fact tha t someone had come to do the comparable duties her daughter had done. As she and the Riley children grew closer, Sophie began to notice their handsome father, Alec. At first, she didnt admit to herself that she was interest in him, but when Alec began to show an interest in her, Sophie began to seriously look at him. At first, she was concerned that she would be merely a replenishment for Vanessa, but as she and Alec grew closer, he made it very clear to her that he loved her for who she was.

John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums and D.H. Lawrences The Odour of Ch

bath Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums and D.H. Lawrences The Odour of ChrysanthemumsWomen in the 1900s were given short attention. John Steinbeck and D.HLawrence however have chosen to base their short stories on a singlewoman character and around a quality of flower, which is thechrysanthemum. Though written by male writers, both stories give an shrewdness of the olfactionings and actions of a female character in that timeperiod and how chrysanthemums cornerstone mean an entirely different obsessiontowards the two main characters.John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums is ab place a tinker who confrontsElisa Allen objet dart she was working on her prized chrysanthemums. Elisawas impressed of the tinkers freedom and his way of life. The tinkeroffers his service, repairing pots and pans, to Elisa, however she refusesat first. However, the tinker does not give up and tells Elisa about acustomer that would be interested in her chrysanthemums. Elisasattitude instantly changed and aft(pren ominal) her discussion with tinker shefinds some work for the tinker to work on. Elisas husband, Henry,takes her out later to the city for dinner. To her dismay she findsher lovely chrysanthemums dumped by the roadside by the tinker.D.H Lawrence, however, writes about Elizabeth Bates and her childrenwho wait for the return of Walter, husband and father, who is late inhis homecoming. Elizabeth has a brief meeting with her father. Notwaiting any longer, Elizabeth and her children have dinner. Elizabethputs her children to kip and then goes out to look for her husband.It turns out that the husband had an accident and is directly dead.Elizabeths mother in law visits her and together they clean the deadWalter, while reminiscing the past.... ...not be offered to strangers.However, in Odour of Chrysanthemums, Elizabeth realises she hasnever really known Walter and is ashamed to wait him. Sheexperiences fear for she is aware that she has no control over herdestiny and that she cannot h edge death.Both stories do not have a happy ending, but instead deal withdifferent aspects of life. The Chrysanthemums with society and hope, whereas Odour of Chrysanthemums with fate and death. I feelthat John Steinbeck offers a better ending because it teaches us notto trust strangers with ease and gives us the message that we shouldbe happy with what we have, not to look up to others. Then again, the endingin Odour of chrysanthemums is also true but I feel that it is tooharsh. It is a fact that every creature will encounter death but deathshould not be Elizabeths or anyones ultimate master.

Lost Characters in Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises :: Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essays

The Lost Characters in The sun Also Rises In the apologue The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest Hemingway, the mazed generation is discussed. After the WWI, m any(prenominal) were bear on in different ways. This post-war generation is describe by discrimination, lack of religion, dodging and inability to act. The First character that is introduced into the novel is Cohn. He, as an outsider, is Jewish. Throughout the novel he is looked down upon in one(a) way or another, notwithstanding already he is separated from the rest which is shown when he is being described He had a tough, Jewish, stubborn streak (p 18). This quote already shows that he is Jewish, and therefore different from the rest. Also, the fact that his streak is hard and ...stubborn shows that he is hard to deal with or be around. Even thought he is discriminated against, he is one of the very few that inform these people of the lost generation only how valueless they are when he says to Jake You know what s the trouble with you? Youre an expatriate. One of the strap type... Nobody that ever leftfield their own country ever wrote anything worth printing. Not even in the newspapers (p 120) and Hello, you lavs (p50). He literally rubs into Jakes face what sweet of a waste he has become once he left his country. It is rather surprising that the one who is much disliked and discriminated against sees the worthless characteristics of the others. The significance of the word bums used must be noticed since a bum is an idle worthless person by definition. This very well describes the lost generation. Nevertheless, racism isnt the only separation that the people make. Even the concierge, who one would believe would not be too proud, takes great pride in tell me which of my guests were well brought up, which were of good family, who were sportsmen, a French word pronounced with the speech pattern on the men. The only trouble was that people who did not fall into any of tho se three categories were very liable to be told there was no one home, chez Barnes (p 60). This shows how important wealth and back ground is, but the ones who are trigger of the lost generation are not included into any of those simply because their range is forgotten, and they are all worthless people.