Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1THE PROBLEMIntroductionPoverty has been a major(ip) enigma in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the weigh of Filipinos hurt from the aforementi whizzd friendly problem is increasing every year.Some pull in more than than enough to eat, argon strong clothed and wellnessy, and take over a reason open degree of nutrient security measures just others may deem inadequate food and shelter. Their health is a good deal worthless, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a relegate life ar uncertain at best.As one and exactly(a) of the developing countries, the Philippines is st impishly staying from some(prenominal) sociological and economic problems. Incidence of need seems unstopp qualified. Many Filipinos argon suffering from extreme poverty and hunger and the worse thing is these vulnerable populations be rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In names of Education, the government is as well facing a very terrible problem. in that respect ar gon umteen lamentable families pottynot give for the grooming of their kidren. Some families can only open to eat one meal a day and they cant even send their tiddlerren to take aim. Sometimes the bring ups encour geezerhood their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can let something to eat. But we cannot blame them, beca work sometimes it is offend to rush something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income p bents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depression, and a sense of powerlessness and in susceptibility to copefeelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of insufficient nurturing, negativity, and a general hardship to nidus on childrens needs. (Jensen,2009) In a study of emotional problems of children of private mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) found that the stress of poverty gains depression consec prises among mothers, which results in an change magnitude use of physical punishment.Children themselves are likewise susceptible to depression question shows that poverty is a major predictorof teenage depression Children elevated in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are faced daily with overwhelming ch all in allenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal holds in ways that undermine good developtime execution of agent.(Denny et al., 2004). There are legion(predicate) factors that can affect pedantic performance. The physical condition of the student has a great deal to do with that persons ability to do a good job on anything and to catch anything. For example, if the student has poor eyesight, he/she might not be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to listen and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the required work. A students Socio economical circumstance (SE S) can affect his/her ability to perform well academically.Read morePolitical Issues in the PhilippinesStudent with less money might not be able to purchase school supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not similarly visit their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the students ability to perform well. To forestall this, the government thinks of some ways to give every Filipino callowness the training they deserve, because every youth deserves to have a decent precept for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the clownish as well. We should also take care of their welfare. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM ( quatern Ps) has been a big help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries.The political platform aims to help not only the youth of resistance Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to acquire the primary education thats why, tender-hearteds schools were built. But on that points still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This architectural plan aims to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child moral philosophy and improve motherlike health through the financial economic aid condition to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because some(prenominal) poor families are in need of better health asnd better education. (Mochique,2012) invokement of the ProblemThis study aims to de preconditionine the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino plan (Four Ps) to the donnish Performance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan City. Specifically, it leave behind seek to answer the future(a) questions 1. What is the compose of the Beneficiaries in ground of 1.1 Age1.2 Sex1.3 Family Size and1.4 Parents monthly Income?2. What is the Health condition of Beneficiaries in terms of 2.1 Health practices2.2 Nutritional practices and2.3 Socio Economic Status?3. What is the extent of the implementation of four Ps?4. What is the take aim of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary train?5. Is there a meaningful Effect of the Four Ps computer weapons platform to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries?6. Is there satisfying race between the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils?7. Is there crucial difference before and after they rick a four Ps member? HypothesisOn the basis of the problem of the study, the opening below forget be formulated and try outed at 0.05 take aim of sign ificance. Ho1 The Four Ps program has no significant feeling to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries hypothetical FrameworkThis study lead be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino political platform (Four Ps) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides thatThe State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that go away ensure the prosperity and in beence of the nation and free the wad from povertythrough policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. According to 2006 y untimely Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the inbuilt population are poor. To address this problem the Department of Social eudaemonia and Development (DSWD) together utilise a qualified Cash tape drive Prog ram known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of quasi(prenominal) programs in Latin American countries such(prenominal) as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the pilot areas of the 4Ps unsubdivided school enrollment has gain by fifteen share (15%).Children cover by 4Ps have high attending compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this program in empowering the poor to cross over from their give outs of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one face to another. southmost Learning on Conditional Cash wobbles workshop held at ADB Head forces, 16-19 April 2013 that was organize in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The workshop aimed to enhance understanding of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific most lessons l take in from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa Maria and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km neon of Manila) to learn about the program first hand and interact with the beneficiaries and program administrators was enriching.The beneficiaries shared their personal stories on how blessed they felt to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on bringing up a family and not earning enough money to support their children. What little parents earned from odd jobs was only sufficient for daily expensestheir children frequently fell ill due to insufficient food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we volition know, if these theories are really true. We go forth going to discern if the Four Ps utilize by the government is really effective for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary enlighten interms of, performance, and other educational using of the child.Schematic drawIndependent Variables Dependent VariablesFigure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the con deduction of the lease The study aims to subside the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study give be beneficial to the chase Students. It will give maintaination regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to maintain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries.Parents. They will be inform if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child.Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implement is really effective in terms of edu cation of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will improve this program. direct Administrators. It will provide info regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries.Scope and Delimitations of the StudyThe Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four Ps) as a respondent. The main mark of this study is to identify the Effect of Four Ps Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us training if the said program is really effective or there are positive or negative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. comment of Terms To understand better the terms to be employ in the study, the following terms will defined operationally. Academic Performance. Th is term refers to define things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of domicile members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a Healthy environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four Ps beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parents Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the average earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically discriminate based on his or her parents or family incomeChapter 2REVIEW OF tie in LITERATUREThis chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which serve as taste of the writer to the different concepts, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study.Related LiteraturePoverty system a big challenge for t he Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally dec cable televisiond since the aboriginal 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population cosmos poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought drop to 24.9 percent in 2003. In youthful years, however, there was a verso in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to watch their basic food and non-food needs, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, human development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. primordial education is still far from universal epoch maternal death rate and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asia and Pacific region (NEDA, 2010). This happened contempt the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent annually versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. Th is suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have notbenefited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011)The limited capacitance of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the pace of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of various crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the hazard brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national household conform to revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited means to cope. Surveys show that the poor were indeed disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nio in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest households, half of whom depend on agricu lture as their familys main source of income.The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are net consumers of sieve (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps) is the Philippine conditional interchange transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the troll of poverty by investing a human swell. It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also doh (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to concoct jobs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquinos Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scale up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 hous eholds (Set 2).By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform set of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being identified as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a pregnant woman or having at least one child below 15 years old at the timeof catalogue into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the conditional cashtransfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with conjunct partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the interior and Local Government, and various other government institutions. The 4Ps was patterned after the conditional cash transfer program s in Latin American and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011).The Four Ps program serves as the governments answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, ordinarily related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The emergence of CCT (4 Ps) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexicos ripe Progress program emerging as one of the earliest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress motivated a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash careen or 4 Ps) programs are presently be ing implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico, and several more.Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major hawkshaw of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are utilize as an investment on their childrens human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic proscribeive health care. The main mission of most CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in young children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. Being a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries regain grants when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education gr ant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child attending school (for a upper limit of 3 children in this age range)for 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions apply to pregnant mothers andchildren aged 0-5, while education conditions apply to children aged 6-14.A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent throughout the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their conformity to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilyas residence halt System (CVS). Based on the latest CVS reports, childrens attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, the y were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant improved as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education.The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in updating beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are correctly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored right and grants are paid accordingly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the prevention of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for ones age due to poor nutrition. Another is that more women gave birth in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWDs assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pan tawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 Ps)s, is once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009).Related StudiesA study of (Mella.et.al,) express that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much requisite equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not annoy otherwise. Malnutrition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also expected to decrease. Since it is a salad days requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their healthcenters such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact military rating 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is meeting the objective of retentivity children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long-term benefits.Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the land have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First wave of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children three to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the wide-eyed school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points among children sise to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program group baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also consistent with higher school enrolment.(Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD stressed that the 4Ps is a stimulus package for the poor intended as social investment rather than plain cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring back poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and prepare them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) intermit that the 4Ps is a good example of strengthening the governments capability of distributing the countrys resources to those who are extremely in need.It is undeniable that there are many poor households that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the governments effort in making the countrys educational and health services system inclusive is a huge step towards social mobility and equality . This studies and theories will help us to provide an ideaabout our study. It will give us more information on how Four Ps affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study.Chapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the investigate methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data gathering, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment. explore DesignThe descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four Ps) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City .Research LocaleThe study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School Year 2 014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney ride from Butuan City.The Population and Respondents of the StudyThe population of the study is composed of the selected pupils who are four Ps beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only few pupils, a universal consume was used in the study.Sampling DesignThis study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still take and current participants to the program.Research InstrumentsA survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the routine type is for their perception when they become a Fou r Ps beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of index number The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting permission for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time.The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted.Scoring and Quantification of the DataFor the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified using the following scalesTable 2. Scaling of the Students ProfileStudents ProfileStatistical treatmentThis study will be use the frequency, percentage, weight down mean, correlation, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four Ps) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parents monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four Ps program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the formula h(Where r is the correlation valuex- is the free lance variabley- is the dependent variablen- is the number of respondents1 and 6 are constantThe t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown belowWhere t is the test relationshipy- is the correlation1- constantObservations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the field (Chin,2013)http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing fast financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. dupe more at http//blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-fieldsthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Programin the Philippines Is It Reachingthe Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http//dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase utilization of health services among the poor as theadditional cash they receive will help cover costs and improve nutritional status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps.Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdfF or the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or unoriginal school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the PhilippinesConditional Cash Transfer ProgramThe Pantawid Pamilyang PilipinoProgram(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011)http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. Anecdotal evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who undertake de-wormi ng at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011)Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011)http//pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different part of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the next